Implications for Global Media Flows Fan dubbing complicates models of cultural imperialism that assume one‑way flows from Hollywood to local audiences. Instead, fan translations are acts of reterritorialization: global texts are localized, reinterpreted, and re-exported within fan networks. This active reception challenges the passive consumer model and reveals how audiences assert agency over meaning. In the case of Kong: Skull Island, fan dubs can reframe the film’s geopolitical subtexts to align with local histories of colonialism, war, or environmental struggles.